Differences between TMS and ECT

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are neuromodulation techniques used to treat depression, but they work differently.

What are the differences between TMS and ECT?

ECT involves applying an electrical current to the brain to induce a controlled seizure. Because of this, it is performed under general anesthesia. Patients often require hospitalization or assistance to travel to their appointments.

This treatment can cause temporary memory loss before or after each session. Typically, between six and twelve sessions are administered over three to six weeks, and only a small minority experience memory loss throughout that entire period.

TMS, on the other hand, uses a coil that generates a magnetic field on the surface of the skull, which induces mild electrical currents within the brain.

Unlike ECT, TMS is performed on an outpatient basis, does not require anesthesia, and allows patients to resume their daily activities immediately afterward.

Both therapies can provide rapid symptom improvement. ECT achieves a response in about 70% of people with drug-resistant depression, while TMS produces a response in approximately 60% of these cases.

Some patients improve with TMS when they have not responded to ECT, and the opposite also occurs.

ECT continues to be considered the most effective option for cases of very severe depression, depression with psychotic symptoms, or catatonia. Your doctor can advise you on the most appropriate approach for your situation.